Ostskola del 1
Ost är fantastiskt – men det finns så många olika stilar, sorter och konsistenser. För att försöka skapa lite ordning i begreppen har vi satt samman en liten ostskola. Vi börjar med hårdostar.
En hårdost är, som man hör på namnet, fast i konsistensen. Herrgård, Prästost och Svecia är exempel på hårdostar. Hårdostarna delas i sin tur upp i grynpipiga, rundpipiga och täta ostar.
Tillverkningsmetoderna mellan dessa skiljer sig åt – vilket gör att de får olika konsistens. Under den första tiden, då osten lagras, så jäser osten och det bildas koldioxid i osten. Denna koldioxid skapar hålrum i osten – så kallad pipbildning.
Grynpipiga ostar
Grynpipiga ostar bildas genom att man skiljer vassle och ostkorn från varandra innan ostmassan bildas. Små håligheter uppstår eftersom ostkornen omges med luft och under lagringen, i ca 16-20°C då syrningsbakterierna förökar sig, bildas koldioxid som fortsätter att utvidga hålen. Grynpipiga ostar smälter lättare än rundpipiga som ger en mer trådig konsistens vid smältning.
Exempel på grynpipiga ostar
Hushållsost
Prästost
Svecia
Västerbottensost
Manchego
Rundpipiga ostar
För att tillverka rundpipig ost lämnas vasslen kvar då ostmassan formas och endast några få hål bildas, men gasen får dem att utvidgas under lagringen. Rundpipig ost lagras kallt, ca 10°C så ostmassan smält samman ordentligt innan pipbildningen kommer igång och sedan ökas temperaturen till 16-20°C.
Exempel på rundpipiga ostar
Appenzeller
Edamer
Emmentaler (schweizerost)
Grevé
Gruyère (även det en schweizerost)
Herrgårdsost
Täta ostar
Tät ost formas först då det inte finns någon laktos kvar i ostmassan och då kan inte bakterierna bilda någon gas och osten förblir tät. Ostmassan mals och skärs (sk. cheddringsprocess) innan lagringen och koldioxiden försvinner därmed.
Exempel på täta ostar
Cheddar
Gouda
Parmesan
Röda viner till ost
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